There is a wide range of grape varietals in the Demarcated Douro region, in the north of Portugal.
These grape varietals have been adapted to different climate conditions, and micro-climates... the terroir ability to offer optimal conditions to wines.
The native varietals have been grafted with different types of rootstocks since that philoxera (pest that destroyed most of the vineyards all over Europe) reached to Portugal in 1865.
This process has been done according to their compatibility with different types of roots and the characteristics of the soil in which the vines were planted.
The cultivation of the different types of vines is regulated by a Decret-Law, that lists all the authorized varietals, the recommended ones and percentages.
Nowadays, winemakers and oenologues have opted for five red grapes varietals ( Touriga Nacional, Touriga Francesa, Tinta Roriz, Tinto Cão, Tinta Barroca...)
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| Touriga Nacional |
Touriga Nacional - It is the premier grape varietal in the Douro valley, considered a primary grape in the Port Blend. The tiny grapes presents us with very high tanins (therefore it confers an amazing age hability to wines), offering a great colour and structure. It has aromas/flavors of black fruits, violets and elegant tints of herbs and licorice. It is a low yielding grape.
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| Tinta Roriz |
Tinta Roriz - (aka Tempranillo in Spain) Aromas/flavors of resin, raspberry, cherry and spices (brambly character). Thanks to its thick rind it may be planted in the hotter areas, where the sun exposition is more intense.
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| Touriga Francesa |
Touriga Francesa or
Franca - It is a high yielding grape varietal, it was brought to Portugal in the 11th century and it is a descendant of the Pinot Noir. It provides complexity and elegance to the blend, although less coloured and lighter. Floral aromas and flavors of blackberry, with silky tanins. Very important for the wine ageing... it would reach its potential with a dry and hot climate.
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| Tinta Barroca |
Tinta Barroca - A very resistant grape varietal, maybe planted in the cooler areas, like for example, on the top of the slopes turned to north. flavors and aromas of plums and cherry. If picked with a good maturation, would have a great potential for high alcohol and sugar. It provides a lingering finish. High yielding grape.
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| Tinto cão |
Tinta cão - The less used for the Port blend (the less planted too). It has a great balance in terms of sugar, tanins and acidity.
Even if a low yielding grape it offers floral aromas, fresh acidity, velvety texture and very rich and dense wines, with finesse.
Gonçalo Devesas
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